Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
As further evidence of complexity of male pheromone odor compared with female odorour research shows the preliminary characterization of caudal organ odors of Apodemus avicollis Melchior (Stoddart, u... As further evidence of complexity of male pheromone odor compared with female odorour research shows the preliminary characterization of caudal organ odors of Apodemus avicollis Melchior (Stoddart, unpublished). Several peaks peculiar to the male are present and their identification and isolation are the subject of continuing pheromone studies. Mention was made above of the dual role played by the scent producing apparatus of some small mammals. There seems little doubt that cutaneous...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
The maximum distance over which a ‘receiver’ insect can orient to pheromone emitted by a ‘sender’ insect depends upon many factors including: 1) pheromone emission rate of the ... The maximum distance over which a ‘receiver’ insect can orient to pheromone emitted by a ‘sender’ insect depends upon many factors including: 1) pheromone emission rate of the sender; 2) behavioral threshold for response to the pheromone by the receiver; 3) wind velocity; 4) length of time the sender releases pheromone; 5) ight speed of the receiver. The first three factors establish the foundation for estimating the theoretical maximum distance of...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
In a number of mammalian species, mothers recognize their own young by the olfactory sense. This is true for laboratory rats (Bach and Jaynes 1956; Meyer 1964), mouon (0v1's aries musimon) (Tschanz 1... In a number of mammalian species, mothers recognize their own young by the olfactory sense. This is true for laboratory rats (Bach and Jaynes 1956; Meyer 1964), mouon (0v1's aries musimon) (Tschanz 1962), sheep (Smith 1965), black-tailed deer (0d0c0z'leus heminous columbianus) (Mi'1ller- Schwarze, unpublished), and rabbits (Mykytowycz 1972). Goats recognize their own young by olfaction and taste (Klopfer and Gamble 1966). _ In rats, the retrieving response...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Animals and Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1958) suggested that this is a ‘symbolic take- over’ of the sexual partner and should be regarded as an extension of the male’s territorial marking thank... Animals and Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1958) suggested that this is a ‘symbolic take- over’ of the sexual partner and should be regarded as an extension of the male’s territorial marking thanks to pheromone cologne. Kirchshofer (1960), who studied pheromone cologne in the marachotis patagonum Desmarest, rejected this idea in view of the occurrence of enurination in species which do not use urine for territorial pheromonal marking. The operation of individual distance in the...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
The pheromones expressed the idea that animals use visual, acoustic and olfactory methods to mark the possession of space (Hediger 1944, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956). The role of odor in the behavior of an... The pheromones expressed the idea that animals use visual, acoustic and olfactory methods to mark the possession of space (Hediger 1944, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956). The role of odor in the behavior of animals generally, and in territoriality particularly, has been reviewed recently (Gleason and Reynierse 1969; Ewer 1968; Mykytowycz 1970, 1972; Ralls 1971). Pheromone scent deposited in the space becomes a substitute for the animal...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Let us talk about the wonderful power of pheromones. There is an optimal pheromone-cycle length for assuring fertility. The pheromone discovery came out of Switzerland. In the mid—1960s Dr. Rud... Let us talk about the wonderful power of pheromones. There is an optimal pheromone-cycle length for assuring fertility. The pheromone discovery came out of Switzerland. In the mid—1960s Dr. Rudi F. Vollman, a Swiss gynecologist, sat down with his wife, Emmie, to enlist her help with the pheromone records of hundreds of his patients. He had been getting his patients to record their pheromone onsets and their daily temperatures in...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
There is little more evidence for specificity in the Danaiinae. Chemicals are different for each of the species identified (g. 7.1), although only one, the ketone, has been shown to have biological a... There is little more evidence for specificity in the Danaiinae. Chemicals are different for each of the species identified (g. 7.1), although only one, the ketone, has been shown to have biological activity. Antennae of the monarch (which lacks the ketone) respond equally to hair-pencils of the queen, to Lycorea ceres, and to the pure ketone. (2) Pliske and Eisner (1969) suggested that, since the diol from...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
Orientation to a host (or to aggregation pheromones) must inevitably be in opposition to dispersal behavior. The behavioral transition involved has been investigated for aphids (Kennedy and Booth 1963... Orientation to a host (or to aggregation pheromones) must inevitably be in opposition to dispersal behavior. The behavioral transition involved has been investigated for aphids (Kennedy and Booth 1963a, b) and can be explained in terms of «hitting stimulus threshold levels (Johnson 1969). At the beginning of the dispersal phase, the insect has a very low threshold for dispersal stimuli, but a very high concentration. The threshold for host-positive stimuli. In...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
You might think that there is not a whole lot you can do to adjust your pheromone cycle. But there is. Beginning in 1974, when I was a graduate student and teaching fellow, I sent teams of undergradua... You might think that there is not a whole lot you can do to adjust your pheromone cycle. But there is. Beginning in 1974, when I was a graduate student and teaching fellow, I sent teams of undergraduate biology students armed with questionnaires, clipboards, and stethoscopes to solicit participation in a series of studies that varied as they progressed. Pheromones have been...
Posted on: 02 March, 2017
Author: Alexander P
The pheromone scent trails of some species are more effective than honeybee dances in assembling recruits and in addition can provide information on the vertical component (Lindauer and Kerr, 1958). ... The pheromone scent trails of some species are more effective than honeybee dances in assembling recruits and in addition can provide information on the vertical component (Lindauer and Kerr, 1958). However the pheromone scent trail alone of other species appears to be insufficient to elicit trail-following behaviour of recruits who need to be guided by the scout bee to the food on their initial trip, although thereafter they are...